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sci-fience

Sep 26

A Change Of Heart (Story)

A short-story: I went to a Transhumanist-themed Bad Idea "butcher-shop" a little while ago, and one of the short (short!) stories we looked at involved someone who is given an artificial heart. Since then I've wanted to write something like what is below, mostly just for the last line (please read the whole thing!) and this evening I finally got around to it. It needs editing, no doubt, and some more research into how the whole damn cardiovascular system works -- but please leave comments or email me! I'm going to try to write a little (raw) short story every week (although tonight reminded me: it's hard work writing!).

A Change Of Heart

When Clive Mendelson learned that he was going to die, his first thought, so lateral as to be nearly orthogonal, was how good it would be for his art.

Clive was sitting in a paper gown on a padded bench when given the news; cold textured plastic sticking to the backs of his thin, blue-veined thighs where they protruded beneath the hem of the flimsy garment, out-stretched toes just barely brushing the fractal-pattern tiled floor. Of course he knew he was going to die -- everyone does, after all -- but HE was going to die, and die soon. At age sixty-three. Sixty-three! Sitting there in the examination room surrounded by glossy white machines which hummed and chirped, shimmering displays turned away from the innocent patient, the true masters of diagnosis and disease. The fresh-faced doctor in a crisp, white coat was almost superfluous -- except perhaps for these 'you're going to die' conversations, since it wasn't something you could exactly drop in an instant-message or tweet. But apart from that, doctors were going the way of the stethoscope and scalpel, phased out by newer, better, quicker, cheaper. Which on balance is probably for the best, thought Clive, 'cause this kid looks about eighteen.

"Now Clive," a flash of a confident smile quickly replaced with sombre, serious-eyed and well-practised faux-concern, "the news is not good for your old ticker, I'm afraid." Clive supressed a snort. You haven't done enough to be afraid of a damn thing, he thought resentfully, and would it kill you to call me 'Mister'?. Oblivious, the young doctor proceeded through Clive's medical history: fainting spells, chest-pain, new drugs, arterial expansion surgery and finally a double-bypass. Old news, old scars. Each time they would suggest something new, and each time things got better for a while; Clive would get back to painting and try not to think about it.

As an artist, Clive Mendelson was a relative, if modest, success: he sold enough to buy paints, brushes and canvas, with enough left over to make up the difference from wife Jane's part-time data-cleansing salary to pay rent on the little two-bedroom cottage they shared. When he was younger he'd had a desk-job, or rather a series thereof, and they'd made enough sensible/lucky investment decisions to put their daughter Andrea through high-school. After which she joined one of those independent education communes: open content from local knowledge experts or from courses back when the big corporate Universities still reigned, guest lectures paid for by the campus community farms, micro-breweries, cottage industries and the sales of research.

Andrea grew up in a world so different from his own, and continuously evolving, that it was dazzling: at five she was "e-moting" smiley-faces wirelessly to friends across the street and across the world, sharing pictures, music, television and interactives. At ten she would happily explain to him how the "active yoghurt" bio-drinks she drank were strengthening her immune system against the various viral threats of the season, and cleaning her little ten-year-old large intestine of imagined toxic flora. At fifteen she'd snuck down to the mall to get her ears pierced, and tiny cochlear implants, powered by her own pulsing blood-pressure. (Clive, of course, freaked - it turned out easier to take out the ear-rings than the implants, but he noticed she was careful not to listen to her iPod without headphones whenever he was nearby.)

Clive had never thought of himself as a technophobe, but he just couldn't keep up with the new technologies and found himself increasingly distrustful of them. The phone Andrea had bought him for his fiftieth, no doubt, had a world of unexplored functionality -- but all he ended up using it for was voice-calls, video and email. He had come from a time when the Internet delivery protocols were unguaranteed, "best-effort" only, and always expected network outages, disappearing emails, lost connections. The rare times things did go wrong -- usually from infowar denial-of-service terrorism -- just served to convince him his mistrust was well-founded.

And then one day he'd driven past his old neighbourhood and found it gone: razed to the ground by controlled micro-explosives in preparation for the growth of a gated community by a swarm of nanomachines, curving walls and arches emerging organically from the rubble, growing invisibly and inexorably.

On reflection, the art was probably Clive's way of exploring and understanding what was happening in his world, the rate of change now so accelerated that it seemed a new miracle was announced every minute: brain-interfaces, flexible translucent 3D-displays, car navigation systems with more grunt than the weather-predicting supercomputers of the year before. At fourty-five, with a teenage daughter, he began to sketch in pencils and charcoal, which he hadn't done since he was a teenager himself -- pictures from a past half-real, half-imagined: the view across the suburbs from his grandparent's apartment, an empty playground in winter, the beatific, focused look on the face of a breast-feeding mother. He tried painting: oil on canvas in big, deliberate, immature strokes, the process slow and methodical and somehow grounding; it gave him a sense of history and of time, gave him both a gentle respite from the world and an active meditation.

His art was well-received by those who claim to know about such things, and he had his first gallery-showing within the year. His canvases sold, and two were selected by a print-on-demand greeting-card company. (Clive never understood why people still gave greeting-cards.) For a while he enjoyed the celebrity, being the centre of attention, but in the end the parties, the people and the fashions, were too much a reminder of the ever-changing world he was trying to avoid.

Clive resisted even trivial augmentations: he had no internal chronometer, no cochlear implants, no MEDEVAC sub-dermal ID chip. He took long-hand notes in a battered old Moleskine notebook, behaviour which itself went in and out of vogue. Like most artists, he had moments of true inspiration -- his Enlightenment, Now What? triptych warranted a gallery tour, and it's eventual sale to an ex-popstar of some notoriety paid for a holiday to a floating resort near the Maldives reclamation project -- distributed sporadically between long bouts of solid (and, his harsher critics would claim, pedestrian) work. Until one warm evening in May when he'd stood up from his low wooden stool and fainted into the drying image of the Taj Mahal festooned with satellite-dishes.

Janey found him there a few minutes later, a yellow smear sticking one eyelid shut, and took him to the hospital. High blood-pressure, arterial plaque, chloresterol: a genetic predisposition to heart disease and a fondness for the fried goods you could still get in the little lane off West Street. He was given a little blood-pressure arm-band and a diet-plan and sent on his way. He got better for a while.

And then he would go in for a checkup and it would be worse, every time worse than the one before. The diet wasn't working, it was too late to make any difference, the drugs, new drugs every time, weren't doing it either. It got worse each time until it was about as bad as it could get -- a paper gown covering his skinny butt while a baby-faced doctor explained his options in patronisingly simple metaphors.

Turned out there was really only one: the complete replacement of his laboring heart, and much of his cardiac system, with an artificial one, the latest in cyberbionetics. It was almost enough to trigger a heart-attack, hearing that -- Clive Mendelson, sixty-three and without so much as a sub-dermal, had to undergo major cyber-surgery, to become a modern-day cyborg in order to live. He let Janey drive him home, then sat alone in the spare-room-cum-studio staring at a blank canvas and listening to the pounding in his ears until the tears finally came: deep sobs that racked his body until his arm ached and the blood-pressure arm band beeped its concern. Then the tears, the sorrow, was gone, though the fear remained, and he crawled into bed beside his wife and -- eventually -- fell asleep.

Clive went in for the surgery the next day. Another paper gown, a different examination room (with the same fractal-pattern on the roof and wall), sitting up on a gurney while the young and pretty nurse delivered a quick shot of something clear into the big vein at his elbow, then he was out.

If he dreamed during the fifteen hour surgery he doesn't remember it. As far as Clive Mendelson is concerned, he lay back against crinkling crepe-paper on a thin, firm mattress, his pulse a stuttering staccato beat in his neck, ears and each fingertip; and awoke on crisp linen under a thin cotton blanket, sunlight streaming through the window of the recovery ward, feeling fatigued but better than he could ever remember feeling.

Maybe it's the drugs, he thought to himself, but he knew it was more than that: the background pain which he'd grown accustomed to, a feeling of wrongness about his chest and arms -- it was gone. The pounding in his ears, the tightness in each temple -- no more. Clive was relaxed, pain-free, euphoric (yeah, that's almost certainly the drugs, he thought.) Although tired, Clive could sense a certain ... vitality ... that he hadn't felt since he was in his twenties.

When he checked out that afternoon -- dear worried Andrea, stoic Janey showing her own feelings with relieved tears and shiny, animated balloons -- it was under his own steam: he stood, dressed, and walked out of the hospital with growing confidence in each step.

And each day he grows stronger, his cybernetic heart doing a better job of monitoring and filtering his blood than his organic one ever did. It can aerate the blood, flooding the tiny capilaries of his lungs to create an enormous active surface-area; energise via his digestive system; and control protein- and chemical-distribution with nanomesh filters in various parts of his cardiovascular system, growing new cells stronger, more efficiently, by providing exactly what they need.

At sixty-five, Clive is in better condition than he's ever been. If cut, he now heals quickly and without scarring. His frame, naturally skinny, has filled out; he can build muscle by controlling blood-pressure to specific muscle fibres and muscle-groups, and control his internal temperature and heart-rate for burning calories when he needs to. He is rarely sick, as the construction of antibodies and antivirals can be promoted, a micro-environment factory running incessantly inside his chest.

Clive Mendelson remembers, in a dim and distant kind of way, being worried or even fearful; his anxiety towards the reliance of something so foreign for such an essential task. The artist wanting to retain his 'humanity', whatever the hell that meant to anyone. To remain pure and unsullied by the technologies that daily shook the world, that took his job, his neighbourhood, his past, recycling it into novel forms for each new generation.

But Clive has since had a change of heart.

May 14

A Tale Of Two Spocks, pt.2

So I've been thinking about time and time-travel today, thanks to watching the Star Trek film on the weekend and a conversation I had with a friend on the way to the train station last night. I tried to explain my understanding of space-time, complete with Einsteinian relativity and Lorenz dilation/contraction, and all it served to prove was that I don't have it straight in my own head!

Time-travel is an old sci-fi standby, used everywhere from Back To The Future to various incarnations of Star Trek to H. G. Well's classic "The Time Machine" (if you haven't read this one yet, avoid the movie and read the book -- seriously). Accordingly, there are many different mechanisms for time-travel -- flux capacitors, 4-dimensional hypercubes, "slinging" around a nearby star at greater than Warp 10 -- and just as many warnings, side-effects or admonishments against altering "the" timeline -- but maybe time is more resilient than that. In any case, let's have a recap on what we know about time (and space).

Time? Space? What's this 'space-time' malarkey?

Our universe (or Bubbleverse?) probably started off as a Planckoscopic[1], high-density, enormously energised region -- maybe it quantum-tunnelled into existence, or maybe it "bounced" from a previous Universe collapse (a "big crunch") ... or maybe something else altogether. It's a bit hard to tell, because before[2] the "big bang" there was neither space nor time -- and questions like "what was there instead" are fundamentally incompossible, like asking a non-synaethesiac what the colour blue tastes like.

So. Some time "after" the big bang our fundamental forces and dimensions established themselves. It looks like we've probably got 3 "unfurled" spatial dimensions -- normal "3D" living -- and only one "temporal" dimension (a.k.a. time). Apparently observed effects like gravity and electromagnetism don't work without this 3+1 dimensional arrangement, but dammit, I'm a computer programmer, not a physical mathematician.

Thing is, these 4 dimensions are not solid, fixed planes as we here in the well-below-light-speed world tend to think of them -- Einstein showed that space and time (probably[3]) curve, bend, stretch and compress in relation to each other and the speed of light. Matter matters, too -- curving space-time and (maybe) creating gravity, although I think the jury is still out about the whole gravity thing. But the stretching and compressing seems to be pretty well-understood, and has even been confirmed with experiments involving an atomic clock and a really fast jet.

Einstein and others predicted that an object moving at a sizeable fraction of the speed of light would appear fore-shortened in the direction of travel (a  Lorenz transformation) -- space has actually contracted in that direction. The effective mass of the object also increases. Even worse, time is dilated -- the object appears to "slow down" because the temporal dimension is warping. The icing on the relativity-cake (the cake is a lie!) is that for constant velocities there's no way to tell who is "moving" and who is "stationary" -- so to you, it looks like time is slowing down for your light-speed-approaching friend; for her, it looks like YOUR time is running slow.

Acceleration is even more fun, and is what was tested with the atomic clock and jet -- the extremely accurate clock placed into the jet, which then accelerated to a speed fast enough to register a temporal slow-down. Sure enough, get the clock back and it is no longer synchronised with it's control clock on the ground. So you can slow time down by accelerating really fast! (You don't personally notice the time dilation -- to you, accelerating through space, the poor little plebs on Earth appear to be leading frantic, sped-up lives.)

My quite possibly flawed idea of this is that the sum of our velocity through all four dimensions equals the speed of light. You speed up in a spatial dimension, you slow down in a temporal dimension -- so at our current relative speeds we are falling through time at almost light-speed!  (This would also mean that light in a vaccuum is travelling through space but not time -- the photon that excites the cones inside your eyeballs today is the same age as the first photon formed in the big bang.

Let's do the time-warp (again)!

Cool, so we can slow down time by accelerating close to the speed of light, but what about going backwards? If we could accelerate above the speed of light, would that mean we were going backwards through time? Conventional wisdom (er..) says yes, but it's not possible -- an object accelerating up to light-speed would develop an infinite effective mass, and space would contracted to zero, and time would stop. But accelerating an infinite mass takes infinite energy ... so it's a hard limit.

(This doesn't stop there being some surreal particles in existence that are already travelling faster than light (FTL) -- we haven't found any such "tachyons", but that hasn't stopped us including them in sci-fi!)

It kind of sounds false  to me just now -- if time is a dimension, why can't we move backwards and forwards like in the other three spatial dimensions? Maybe we don't need to travel faster than light to travel backwards, we just have to get UP to the speed of light to stop our fall through time. That, or figure out what is drawing us so quickly in one direction and create its opposite to slow us, then reverse our direction of travel.

So yeah, even if time is one-dimensional (not multidimensional like I suggested in a previous post) I think travelling backwards should only be as hard as, say, generating anti-gravity to stop us falling down a well.

[1] A microscope made entirely of plankton[1.1].
[1.1] Come on, a plankton microscope would be cool! But in this case I really mean "smaller than Planck length". Might've made that word up, yep.
[2] Yeah, concepts like "before" get a bit silly when there the temporal dimension doesn't yet[2.1] exist.
[2.1] "Yet" is also silly at this point. Probably so is "at this point", come to think of it.
[3] That's science -- nothing is ever final, certain. And we LIKE it that way!

May 12

A Tale Of Two Spocks


Spoiler Warning: Don't read this if you haven't seen Star Trek. Dammit Jim, I'm a programmer, not a physicist.

Dee and I watched the Star Trek movie this weekend. Today at work we're having a ... philosophical (since it's about technology and knowledge that doesn't (yet) exist) ... discussion about the whole "Spock situation" -- can you interact with your future/past self and neither create a paradox nor annihilate into photons[1]?

The physics answer is, of course, maybe.  But the "maybe" hinges on  a) whether two different timelines correspond to two different "realities", and b) whether it's possible to move from one to another.

What is "singular reality"
Better start with this, I suppose. In a single-reality model there is one true reality: one definite past, one present, one future. Our observed 3 dimensions is the whole show (or at least the other spatial dimensions are either two tightly furled to affect us, or they act just like our observable three).

Except that with a single reality, quantum physics is hard to explain. Electrons suddenly smear across space, then "collapse" when they arrive at an "observer" (whatever that means).  But hey, maybe it's a true representation of reality.

What are "multiple realities"?

Whilst we don't have any direct evidence of alternate realities (or "parallel worlds"), there are a few different theories of how they might exist, with the corresponding supporting physics (and mathematics). It may be possible that our habitable part of the universe is just a little "bubble", and that outside our bubble are innumerable other "bubbles" in which the the initial conditions or even the laws of physics can be fundamentally different. In an infinite Bubbleverse there could be an infinity of separate bubbles, and at least some of those would support life (as ours does).

Each bubble could have bubble-local time and space, but travelling between two bubbles is probably "non-trivial".

Alternatively (sic), we can interpret the results of quantum mechanics as evidence of "many worlds". In this interpretation the probability wave function exists because, actually, every nanosecond sees us diverging into different parallel realities -- in one, the electron went one way; in another it took a different path. (What fun; an electron can interact with itself from another reality!)  It is the sum of all possible/parallel realities that gives us the probability wave.

(You might not like the idea of the continuous splitting of reality into infinite parallel worlds. I don't either. To me, it makes a lot more sense if you just think of another spatio-temporal dimension that we're travelling through. So perhaps time is not one-dimensional (we only travel forward) but 2D -- and our conscious "choices" serve to move us "left and right" towards possible futures. No arrogant, ego-centric "splitting" of reality when we decide to walk rather than take the bus; instead, both futures exist and happen with equal "realism", we just only get to "tune into" and experience one of them.

It doesn't have to be "time", of course, but it's easier to understand and imagine.  (Happy to find through Wikipedia that I'm not too nuts: this "experiential" view is akin to the "many minds" interpretation of Professor Zeh!))

So, what about time travel?

At this point you can probably realise that the "singular reality" leads to all sorts of tricky time-travel paradoxes, including the old standard, "Go back in time {10} and kill your (self, parent, ancestor). So you never existed. So you couldn't go back in time {GOTO 10} ..."  But it's easy enough to prove that you probably wouldn't explode in a shower of hot photons if you, say, shook hands with an earlier self (as that venerable thespian Van Damme in Time Cop might suggest).

We are all recycled. Every atom in our bodies was created in the hot core of a star, ejected out into space, integrated into a planet, a biosphere, an atmosphere, a living creature, a meal. We are what we eat, what we breathe and ultimately what we breathe out (and defecate) becomes the building blocks for a future generation of flora, fauna or mineral (depending upon what you eat and happenstance). Furthermore, we replace our cells -- and therefore our particular atoms -- all the time.  Today's skin is tomorrow's dust. And that dust could be a meal for a mite and ad infinitum up the chain.

So: even if there was some thermodynamic/entropy preserving force that would annihilate "import" atoms when they came in to contact with their former selves, Spock has more chance of exploding when he vaccuums under the bed then when shaking hands with his former self.

The case for multiple-worlds is even better -- if a future version of you from one reality somehow found it's way through a singularity[2] and started messin' with the ol' timeline ... well, that would just change YOUR perception/reality, not his! (Or hers.)  So his (or her) memories wouldn't change spontaneously, and he (or she) could do anything she liked -- up to an including killing you! -- with no effect upon it's own existence.

Think about it from the two different perspectives:

"In one future, I went back and killed myself.  In another, I did not."

"In one past, I was killed. In another, I lived well into the future ... where I went back and ..." you get the point. In the multple-worlds scenario, each perspective is equally valid and (more importantly) independent.

Ah, this post is already long enough. Next time I'll ramble about travelling through time and between realities, promise.

[1] I kid you not; this is the expected behaviour according to a sci-fi head at work. He was deeply upset by the Spocks' final scene.

[2] Yeah, that's probably the dodgiest bit of sci-fience right there. Travelling through a black hole? Hello, spaghetification?? Massive crushing forces? Space compacted to near-zero dimensions? Maybe a photon (or quark) could travel "through" a black hole, but good luck to it.